Table of Contents

簡介

Gitea 是一套輕量級、可自行架設的 Git 服務（功能類似 GitHub / GitLab）。本文記錄在 Ubuntu 上以二進位檔搭配 systemd 部署 Gitea 的完整步驟。

安裝相依套件

Gitea 進行版本控制操作時需要系統已安裝 git。

apt update && apt install -y git

下載 Gitea

從官方下載指定版本的二進位檔，放到 /usr/local/bin/gitea。以下提供兩個版本，擇一執行即可。

wget -O /usr/local/bin/gitea https://dl.gitea.com/gitea/1.25.3/gitea-1.25.3-linux-amd64

wget -O /usr/local/bin/gitea https://dl.gitea.com/gitea/1.26.2/gitea-1.26.2-linux-amd64

下載後將 gitea 設定為可執行檔。

chmod +x /usr/local/bin/gitea

新增 git 使用者

基於安全考量，Gitea 以專屬的 git 系統帳號執行，而非使用 root。

adduser \
   --system \
   --shell /bin/bash \
   --gecos 'Git Version Control' \
   --group \
   --disabled-password \
   --home /home/git \
   git

建立系統資料夾

分別建立存放自訂檔案、資料、日誌的目錄，以及設定檔目錄 /etc/gitea。

mkdir -p /var/lib/gitea/custom && mkdir -p /var/lib/gitea/data && mkdir -p /var/lib/gitea/log && mkdir /etc/gitea

將資料目錄的擁有者設為 git，並限制權限。

chown -R git:git /var/lib/gitea/ && chmod -R 750 /var/lib/gitea/

設定檔目錄安裝完成後通常會調回唯讀，這裡先讓 git 群組可寫入以便初始化。

chown root:git /etc/gitea && chmod 770 /etc/gitea

設定工作目錄環境變數

告訴 Gitea 它的工作目錄位置。

echo 'export GITEA_WORK_DIR=/var/lib/gitea/' >> ~/.bashrc && source ~/.bashrc

建立 Gitea 服務

以 systemd 管理 Gitea，可開機自動啟動、崩潰時自動重啟。先建立服務設定檔。

nano /etc/systemd/system/gitea.service

服務檔內容如下（保留官方範例註解，可依需要取消註解）：

[Unit]
Description=Gitea (Git with a cup of tea)
After=network.target
###
# Don't forget to add the database service dependencies
###
#
#Wants=mysql.service
#After=mysql.service
#
#Wants=mariadb.service
#After=mariadb.service
#
#Wants=postgresql.service
#After=postgresql.service
#
#Wants=memcached.service
#After=memcached.service
#
#Wants=redis.service
#After=redis.service
#
###
# If using socket activation for main http/s
###
#
#After=gitea.main.socket
#Requires=gitea.main.socket
#
###
# (You can also provide gitea an http fallback and/or ssh socket too)
#
# An example of /etc/systemd/system/gitea.main.socket
###
##
## [Unit]
## Description=Gitea Web Socket
## PartOf=gitea.service
##
## [Socket]
## Service=gitea.service
## ListenStream=<some_port>
## NoDelay=true
##
## [Install]
## WantedBy=sockets.target
##
###

[Service]
# Uncomment the next line if you have repos with lots of files and get a HTTP 500 error because of that
# LimitNOFILE=524288:524288
RestartSec=2s
Type=simple
User=git
Group=git
WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/gitea/
# If using Unix socket: tells systemd to create the /run/gitea folder, which will contain the gitea.sock file
# (manually creating /run/gitea doesn't work, because it would not persist across reboots)
#RuntimeDirectory=gitea
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/gitea web --config /etc/gitea/app.ini
Restart=always
Environment=USER=git HOME=/home/git GITEA_WORK_DIR=/var/lib/gitea
# If you install Git to directory prefix other than default PATH (which happens
# for example if you install other versions of Git side-to-side with
# distribution version), uncomment below line and add that prefix to PATH
# Don't forget to place git-lfs binary on the PATH below if you want to enable
# Git LFS support
#Environment=PATH=/path/to/git/bin:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin
# If you want to bind Gitea to a port below 1024, uncomment
# the two values below, or use socket activation to pass Gitea its ports as above
###
#CapabilityBoundingSet=CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
#AmbientCapabilities=CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
###
# In some cases, when using CapabilityBoundingSet and AmbientCapabilities option, you may want to
# set the following value to false to allow capabilities to be applied on gitea process. The following
# value if set to true sandboxes gitea service and prevent any processes from running with privileges
# in the host user namespace.
###
#PrivateUsers=false
###

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

啟動服務

重新載入 systemd 設定、設為開機自動啟動、啟動服務並檢視狀態。

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable gitea && systemctl start gitea && systemctl status gitea